A CfNN Focus Area: Research in Restoring Mental Health employs noninvasive neurotechnologies such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (using direct or alternating current; tDCS or tACS, respectively) to understand and change abnormal brain circuit functioning in a group of neurobehavioral disorders that impose health and functional burdens on Veterans, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, suicide, chronic pain, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). To map brain circuit function in these conditions we use advanced MRI and electroencephalography methods in collaboration with Neuroimaging and Recording, Decoding, and Computational Neuroscience, with implementation and deployment guided by Assessment, Outcome Measurement, and Implementation.